Tumour Resection for
Oral Cancer Treatment
Tumour resection is a crucial surgical procedure in the treatment of oral cancer, designed to remove cancerous tumours from the mouth and surrounding tissues. This procedure plays a vital role in controlling the spread of oral cancer and improving patient survival rates. In India, oral cancer treatment through tumour resection is performed by experienced surgeons using advanced techniques to ensure maximum tumour removal while preserving function.
What is Tumour Resection?
Tumour resection involves the surgical excision of malignant tissue from the oral cavity. It aims to remove the entire tumour along with a margin of healthy tissue to reduce the risk of recurrence. This procedure may involve parts of the tongue, cheek, gums, or jawbone depending on the tumour’s location and size.
Benefits of Tumour Resection
- Complete removal of cancerous tissue, which lowers the chance of cancer returning.
- Preservation of oral functions such as speech, chewing, and swallowing when performed with precision.
- Provides a foundation for additional therapies like radiation or chemotherapy if needed.
What Happens Before Tumour Resection Surgery?
Medical Evaluation & Diagnosis:
- The process begins with a thorough clinical examination, where the surgeon assesses the location, size, and symptoms of the tumour.
- Imaging studies are ordered, including CT scans, MRI, PET scans, or X-rays to determine the tumour’s extent, involvement with surrounding structures (e.g., nerves, blood vessels), and whether it is benign or malignant.
Biopsy and Histopathology:
- A biopsy (needle or incisional) is performed to determine the tumour type. Pathology confirms whether the tumour is cancerous, its grade, and how aggressive it is.
Multidisciplinary Treatment Planning:
- Based on biopsy results, a treatment plan is created by a team that may include an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, oncologist, radiologist, ENT surgeon, and reconstructive surgeon.
- Additional pre-surgical evaluations include blood tests, ECG, and anaesthesia assessment to ensure the patient is fit for surgery.
Patient Preparation:
- Patients are informed about the nature of the surgery, possible outcomes, and any reconstructive needs post-resection.
- Fasting instructions are given before surgery. Preoperative medications or antibiotics may be prescribed.
What Happens During Tumour Resection Surgery?
Anaesthesia:
- Tumour resection is performed under general anaesthesia to ensure the patient feels no pain and is completely unconscious during the procedure.
Tumour Access and Exposure:
- The surgeon carefully makes incisions to access the tumour. In oral or facial surgeries, this may involve intraoral or external approaches, depending on tumour location.
Tumour Removal (Resection):
- The goal is complete tumour removal with clear margins, meaning some healthy tissue around the tumour is also removed to minimize recurrence.
- For malignant tumours, neck dissection may be done if lymph node spread is suspected.
- Surgeons take care to avoid or protect vital structures such as nerves, blood vessels, and the airway.
Immediate Reconstruction (if needed):
- If the tumour is large or has caused significant tissue loss, reconstructive surgery is often done in the same sitting.
- Options include free flaps, bone grafts, soft tissue grafts, or custom facial implants depending on the defect.
Closure and Stabilization:
- Incisions are closed with sutures, and drains may be placed to prevent fluid buildup. Surgical dressings or splints are applied if necessary.
Postoperative Transfer:
- The patient is shifted to the recovery room or ICU for close monitoring as anaesthesia wears off. Vital signs and airways are carefully observed.
Risks and Complications
- Bleeding and infection are common surgical risks.
- Temporary or permanent changes in speech and swallowing may occur depending on the tumour site.
- Potential for scarring and changes in facial appearance.
- Possible need for reconstructive surgery to restore oral structure and function.
Recovery and Aftercare for Tumour Resection
Recovery after tumour resection varies based on the extent of surgery but generally includes:
- Hospital stay for monitoring and pain management.
- Antibiotics and wound care to prevent infection.
- Nutritional support through special diets or feeding tubes if swallowing is difficult.
- Follow-up visits to monitor healing and detect any signs of recurrence.
- Physical therapy and speech therapy may be recommended to regain oral function.
When to Consult a Doctor for Tumour Resection?
If you notice any persistent oral symptoms like ulcers, lumps, unexplained bleeding, difficulty swallowing, or changes in speech, it is important to consult an oral surgeon or oncologist immediately for evaluation and timely treatment.
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FAQs - Tumour Resection
What is tumour resection in oral cancer?
Tumour resection is surgery to remove cancerous tumours from the mouth and surrounding tissues.
What are the benefits of tumour resection?
It removes cancer completely, reduces recurrence risk, and preserves oral function.
What risks are involved in tumour resection?
Risks include bleeding, infection, changes in speech/swallowing, and scarring.
How long is recovery after tumour resection?
Recovery varies but generally includes a hospital stay and follow-up care over several weeks.
When should I consult a doctor for oral cancer symptoms?
Consult immediately if you notice persistent ulcers, lumps, bleeding, or difficulty swallowing.
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Elegance Superspeciality Dental Clinic
210, Trinity business Park,
Madhuvan Circle,
LP Savani Rd,
Adajan, Surat, Gujarat 395009